Abstract：Objective To summarize the imaging features of renal leiomyoma and to improve the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.Methods The imaging features of 6 cases with renal leiomyoma were analyzed retrospectively from January 2005 to December 2016. There were 5 males and 1 female, aged 26-77 years old. All of 6 cases had been diagnosed by surgery and pathology. Plain and enhanced scan of CT were performed in all 6 cases. Two cases received MRI plain scan, and 1 of them received MRI enhanced scan at the same time.Results In total, 7 leiomyoma lesions were discovered, 5 located in the right kidney and 2 in the left kidney. There were 5 lesions situated at the border of the kidney, 1 in the renal parenchyma, and 1 in the renal pelvis. Five lesions showed high density and 2 showed equal densities in pictures of CT scan. There was 1 lesion with uneven thickness, cystoid variation and necrosis, while 6 other cases were uniform. All 7 lesions showed progressive delayed reinforcement in enhanced scan of CT, 6 of them were evenly enhanced and 1 of them was not. MRI scan was performed in 2 cases, and 3 lesions were detected. Two lesions showed equal signal with MRI, which were low T1WI and slight high T2WI for 1 and equal T1WI and obvious low T2WI for another. One lesion showed unequal signal with mixed T1WI and T2WI, and the low signal tumor envelope was seen around the lesion in T2WI. Two cases showed flecked calcifications in the tumor. MRI enhanced scan revealed a homogeneous delayed enhancement in 1 lesion.Conclusions The main imaging features of renal leiomyoma are soft tissue masses that occur at the renal margin,with uniform density or signal and delayed reinforcement in enhanced scan of CT or MRI. Although diagnosis depends on histopathological examination, learning about these futures will contribute to select more appropriate treatment options as early as possible and reduce unnecessary nephrectomy.
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2018, Vol. 23 
