Microdissection and sectional anatomic study of V2-V4 vertebral artery
Sun Jidong1, Liu Yan2, Liu Jun3, Liu Shuwei4
1Department of Neurosurgery, Aviation General Hospital of China Medical University, Beijing 10012, China; 2Department of Neurosurgery, the Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264100, China; 3Department of Neurosurgery, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang 524037, China; 4Research Center for Sectional and Imaging Anatomy, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
Abstract：Objective To study the anatomy of craniocervical junction region. So as to provide anatomical base to protect vertebral artery.Methods (1) The lateral suboccipital approach was imitated on 15 head specimens, V2-V4 of vertebral artery were exposed and invested. (2) Continuous thin sections in the coronal planes were performed with the freezing milling technique. V2-V4 of vertebral artery could be tracked across sections, and one 3D model of craniocervical junction region were reconstructed.Results (1)The lateral suboccipital approach was successfully finished on 15 head specimens. The V2 of vertebral artery was located in front of anterior nerve root of second cervical nerve. The V3 was surrounded by plexus venous. The V4 was between vagus nerve and hypoglossal nerve. The distances of V2 were (15.4±1.6)mm(left) and (15.6±2.2)mm(right). The distances of V3 were (24.0±2.9)mm (left) and (24.3±2.3)mm (right).The distances of V4 were (21.4±2.0)mm (left) and (21.2±2.0)mm (right). There were no significant differences in distance deviations between the left and right (all P values＞0.05). (2)A 3D model of craniocervical junction region was successfully produced. With the coronal planes and the 3D model, the path of vertebral artery was shown. It appeared through transverse process foramen of C2, and exists super-posteriorly, through transverse process foramen of C1, posteriorly on massa lateralis atlantis, penetrates through dura mater. Intracranial vertebral artery merged the basilar artery, it had two big branches, the posterior inferior cerebellar artery and the anterior inferior cerebellar artery.Conclusions Microdissection and sectional anatomic study with a 3D model of craniocervical junction region, the vertebral artery can be visually displayed, some ways to locate vertebral artery are provided. It is useful to protect vertebral artery and better operation.
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Sun Jidong, Liu Yan, Liu Jun, Liu Shuwei. Microdissection and sectional anatomic study of V2-V4 vertebral artery. Chinese Journal of Anatomy and Clinics, 2019, 24(4): 353-357.
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