Abstract：Molecular imaging enables us to non-invasively visualize cellular physiological functions and biological processes in living subjects, allowing the accurate diagnosis of diseases at early stages. Nanoparticles can offer several advantages, such as controllable physical properties, facile surface modification, long circulation time, and functionalization, which have been developed for clinical diagnosis and treatment. However, the shortcomings of the current study are mainly focused on how to clarify the key mechanisms of nanomaterials (inherent relationships between multifunctions, nanomaterials, metabolism, and biocompatibility) and to achieve clinical translation. Here, we review the current status, advances, challenges, and future prospects of nanomaterials in molecular imaging and integration of diagnosis and treatment.
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