Abstract：Objective To explore the progress of tissue engineering scaffold materials for the repair of spinal cord injury(SCI).Methods To review and summarize tissue engineering scaffold materials for the repair of SCI at domestic and abroad in PubMed database,CBM database and Ovid Medline database.Results Tissue engineering scaffold materials for the repair of SCI involve natural materials (hyaluronic acid, alginate, collagen, and agarose et al), synthetic materials [Poly lactic acid, poly glycolic acid (PGA), and their copolymers (PLGA) et al] and composite materials. Fabrication of scaffolds involve conventional methods, electrospinning textile technologie and solid free-form fabricatio. The utility of conventional techniques is limited. Electrospinning textile technologies is a popular method for scaffold fabrication. The solid free-form fabricatio has recently attracted increasing attention. Current therapeutic strategies with scaffolds involves electrical stimulation, modification of scaffolds to mimic the ECM, incorporation of bioactive molecules and living cells and delayed implantation of scaffolds. Overcoming the hostile environment will enhance axon regrowth after SCI.Conclusions Artificial tissue repair scaffolds may provide a physical guide to allow regenerative axon growth that bridges the lesion cavity and restores functional neural connectivity.
胡岚翔，徐祝军. 组织工程支架在脊髓损伤修复中应用的研究进展[J]. 中华解剖与临床杂志, 2014, 19(4): 337-341.
Hu Lanxiang, Xu Zhujun. Research progress on bioengineered scaffolds for the repair of spinal cord injury. Chinese Journal of Anatomy and Clinics, 2014, 19(4): 337-341.
Neumann S, Bradke F, Tessier-Lavigne M, et al. Regeneration of sensory axons within the injured spinal cord induced by intraganglionic cAMP elevation [J]. Neuron, 2002, 34(2): 885-897.
[4]
Wei YT, He Y, Xu CL, et al. Hyaluronic acid hydrogel modified with nogo-66 receptor antibody and poly-(L)-lysine to promote axon regrowth after spinal cord injury[J]. J Biomed Mater Res Part B, 2010, 95(B): 110-118.
[5]
Giger RJ, Hollis ER, Tuszynski MH. Guidance molecules in axon regeneration[J]. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2, 2010, 2(4): 867-1872.
[6]
Prang P, Muller R, Eljaouhari A, et al. The promotion of oriented axonal regrowth in the injured spinal cord by alginate-based anisotropic capillary hydrogels[J]. Biomaterials, 2006, 27(6): 3560-3567.
[7]
Yoshii S, Ito S, Shima M, et al. Functional restoration of rabbit spinal cord using collagenfilament scaffold[J]. J Tissue Eng Regen Med, 2009, 3(2): 19-35.
[8]
Gros T, Sakamoto JS, Blesch A, et al. Regeneration of long-tract axons through sites of spinal cord injury using templated agarose scaffolds[J]. Biomaterials, 2010, 31(10): 6719-6730 .
[9]
Zuidema JM, Pap MM, Jaroch DB, et al. Fabrication and characterization of tunable polysaccharide hydrogel blends for neural repair[J]. Acta Biomater, 2012, 7(4): 1634-1643.
[10]
Dodla MC, Bellamkonda RV. Differences between the effect of anisotropic and isotropic laminin and nerve growth factor presenting scaffolds on nerve regeneration across long peripheral nerve gaps[J]. Biomaterials, 2008, 29(4): 33-45.
[11]
Vacanti CA, Vacanti JP. The science of tissue engineering[J]. Orthop Clin North Am, 2000, 31(3): 351-364.
[12]
Tabesh H, Amoabediny G, Nik NS, et al. The role of biodegradable engineered scaffolds seeded with Schwann cells for spinal cord regeneration[J]. Neurochem Int, 2009, 54(1): 73-82.
Fujita M, Kinoshita Y, Sato E, et al. Proliferation and differentiation of rat bone marrow stromal cells on poly(glycolic acid)-collagen sponge[J].Tissue Eng, 2005, 11(3): 1346-1359.
[15]
Ichihara S, Inada Y, Nakada A, et al. Development of new nerve guide tube for repair of long nerve defects[J]. Tissue Eng Part C Methods, 2009, 15(9): 387-397.
[16]
Stokols S, Sakamoto J, Breckon C, et al. Templated agarose scaffolds support linear axonal regeneration[J]. Tissue Eng, 2006, 12(8): 2777-2791.
[17]
Yao L, de Ruiter GCW, Wang HA, et al. Controlling dispersion of axonal regeneration using a multichannel collagen nerve conduit[J]. Biomaterials, 2010, 31(5): 5789-5803
Xie JW, Willerth SM, Li XR, et al. The differentiation of embryonic stem cells seeded on electrospun nanofibers into neural lineages[J]. Biomaterials, 2009, 30(15): 354-362.
[20]
Stankus JJ, Guan JJ, Fujimoto K, et al. Microintegrating smooth muscle cells into a biodegradable, elastomeric fiber matrix[J]. Biomaterials, 2006, 27(6): 735-749.
Peltola SM, Melchels FP, Grijpma DW, et al. A review of rapid prototyping techniques for tissue engineering purposes[J]. Ann Med, 2008, 40(4): 268-280.
[23]
De Laporte L, Shea LD. Matrices and scaffolds for DNA delivery in tissue engineering[J]. Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 2007, 59(4): 292-304.
[24]
Hejcl A, Lesny P, Pradny M, et al. Biocompatible hydrogels in spinal cord injury repair[J]. Physiol Res, 2008, 57(Suppl 3): S121-132.
[25]
Chen YY, Zhang W, Chen YL, et al. Electro-acupuncture improves survival and migration of transplanted neural stem cells in injured spinal cord in rats[J]. Acupunct Electrother Res, 2008, 33(2), 19-35.
[26]
Ding Y, Yan Q, Ruan JW, et al. Electro-acupuncture promotes survival, differentiation of the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells as well as functional recovery in the spinal cord-transected rats[J].BMC Neurosci, 2009, 10(4): 35-48.
King VR, Hewazy D, Alovskaya A, et al. The neuroprotective effects of fibronectin mats and fibronectin peptides following spinal cord injury in the rat[J]. Neuroscience, 2010, 168(14): 523-540.
[29]
King VR, Alovskaya A, Wei DY, et al. The use of injectable forms of fibrin and fibronectin to support axonal ingrowth after spinal cord injury[J]. Biomaterials, 2010, 31(12): 4447-4456.
Lishko VK, Novokhatny VV, Yakubenko VP, et al. Characterization of plasminogen as an adhesive ligand for integrins αMβ2 alpha(M)beta(2)(Mac-1) and α5β1 (VLA-5)[J]. Blood, 2004, 10(4): 719-724.
Seidlits SK, Khaing ZZ, Petersen RR, et al. The effects of hyaluronic acid hydrogels with tunable mechanical properties on neural progenitor cell differentiation[J]. Biomaterials, 2010, 31(9): 3930-3942.
[35]
Kelly CM, Precious SV, Scherf C, et al. Neonatal desensitization allows long-term survival of neural xenotransplants without immunosuppression[J]. Nat Methods, 2009, 6(3): 271-285.
[36]
Hejcl A, Urdzikova L, Sedy J, et al. Acute and delayed implantation of positively charged 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate scaffolds in spinal cord injury in the rat[J]. J Neurosurg Spine, 2008, 8(1): 67-85.
Maier IC, Ichiyama RM, Courtine G, et al. Differential effects of anti-Nogo-A antibody treatment and treadmill training in rats with incomplete spinal cord injury [J]. Brain, 2009, 132(7): 1426-1443.
2014, Vol. 19 
