Abstract：Objective This study aims to summarize the research progress on the pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment of iatrogenic hallux varus. Methods A total of 423 articles on iatrogenic hallux valgus published from January 1989 to April 2022 were retrieved from Chinese and English databases such as CNKI, Wanfang database, PubMed, and EmBase by using the following keywords: "医源性𧿹内翻," "𧿹内翻," "𧿹外翻术后并发症," "病因," "治疗," "iatrogenic hallux varus," "hallux varus," "postoperative complications of hallux valgus," "etiology," and "treatment." Articles with inconsistent content and had no available full text, low level of evidence, and reproducibility were excluded. Finally, 35 Chinese and English studies were included for summary and analysis. Results The causes of iatrogenic hallux varus can be divided into three aspects: improper treatment plan, improper operation, and improper postoperative treatment. This condition is usually the result of a variety of factors. Better prevention can be achieved based on understanding the etiology. At present, surgical correction is the main treatment for hallux varus, and other surgical methods include soft tissue surgery, osteotomy, and arthroplasty or arthrodesis. Soft tissue release combined with tendon transfer is effective for flexible hallux varus with normal bone alignment, and arthrodesis is a reliable treatment for rigid hallux varus, which gradually develops into minimally invasive condition. Conclusion Iatrogenic hallux varus is one of the most common postoperative complications that can seriously affect the foot function. Treatment is difficult due to the lack of understanding of its pathogenesis and prevention. Each operation has different application scenarios, and clinicians need to select a suitable operation method individually according to the characteristics of iatrogenic hallux varus. Most of the reports of various surgical procedures are retrospective studies of single surgery with a small sample size. Few domestic reports are available, and comparison among different surgical methods has not been conducted. Therefore, the clinical efficacy of various surgical methods still needs to be further evaluated.
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2023, Vol. 28 
