Abstract：The ankle joint is the most complex joint with the largest weight-bearing. Ankle injury is hotspot in orthopedics research because of high incidence, complicated mechanism and high complication. This article attempts to overall review recent progresses on the treatment of ankle fracture with deltoid ligament injury, posterior malleolus fracture, lateral malleolus fracture, supination-abduction fracture, tibiofibular syndesmosis injury and Pilon fracture. We should constantly learn new concepts and techniques to achieve the best treatment to patients of ankle injury with minimal invasion, simplest therapy and lowest cost.
俞光荣,洪浩. 必须重视踝关节骨折相关临床问题的处理[J]. 中华解剖与临床杂志, 2019, 24(2): 89-92.
Yu Guangrong, Hong Hao. Importance of the management of ankle fracture related problems. Chinese Journal of Anatomy and Clinics, 2019, 24(2): 89-92.
Hintermann B, Regazzoni P, Lampert C, et al. Arthroscopic findings in acute fractures of the ankle[J]. J Bone Joint Surg Br, 2000, 82(3): 345-351.
[2]
Close JR. Some applications of the functional anatomy of the ankle joint[J]. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 1956, 38-A(4): 761-781.
[3]
Str ms e K, H qevold HE, Skjeldal S, et al. The repair of a ruptured deltoid ligament is not necessary in ankle fractures[J]. J Bone Joint Surg Br, 1995, 77(6): 920-921.
Yu GR, Zhang MZ, Aiyer A, et al. Repair of the acute deltoid ligament complex rupture associated with ankle fractures: a multicenter clinical study[J]. J Foot Ankle Surg, 2015, 54(2): 198-202. DOI:10.1053/j.jfas.2014.12.013.
[6]
Brosky T, Nyland J, Nitz A, et al. The ankle ligaments: consideration of syndesmotic injury and implications for rehabilitation[J]. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther, 1995, 21(4): 197-205. DOI:10.2519/jospt.1995.21.4.197.
[7]
Massri-Pugin J, Lubberts B, Vopat BG, et al. Role of the deltoid ligament in syndesmotic instability[J]. Foot Ankle Int, 2018, 39(5): 598-603. DOI:10.1177/1071100717750577.
[8]
Switaj PJ, Weatherford B, Fuchs D, et al. Evaluation of posterior malleolar fractures and the posterior pilon variant in operatively treated ankle fractures[J]. Foot Ankle Int, 2014, 35(9): 886-895. DOI:10.1177/1071100714537630.
Drijfhout van Hooff CC, Verhage SM, Hoogendoorn JM. Influence of fragment size and postoperative joint congruency on long-term outcome of posterior malleolar fractures[J]. Foot Ankle Int, 2015, 36(6): 673-678. DOI:10.1177/1071100715570895.
[11]
Sanders DW, Tieszer C, Corbett B, et al. Operative versus nonoperative treatment of unstable lateral malleolar fractures: a randomized multicenter trial[J]. J Orthop Trauma, 2012, 26(3): 129-134. DOI:10.1097/BOT.0b013e3182460837.
Song DJ, Lanzi JT, Groth AT, et al. The effect of syndesmosis screw removal on the reduction of the distal tibiofibular joint: a prospective radiographic study[J]. Foot Ankle Int, 2014, 35(6): 543-548. DOI:10.1177/1071100714524552.
[16]
Boszczyk A, Kwapisz S, Krümmel M, et al. Correlation of incisura anatomy with syndesmotic malreduction[J]. Foot Ankle Int, 2018, 39(3): 369-375. DOI:10.1177/1071100717744332.
[17]
Yang Y, Zhou J, Li B, et al. Operative exploration and reduction of syndesmosis in Weber type C ankle injury[J]. Acta Ortop Bras, 2013, 21(2): 103-108. DOI:10.1590/S1413-78522013000200007.
[18]
Kortekangas TH, Pakarinen HJ, Savola O, et al. Syndesmotic fixation in supination-external rotation ankle fractures: a prospective randomized study[J]. Foot Ankle Int, 2014, 35(10): 988-995. DOI: 10.1177/1071100714540894.
[19]
Leonetti D, Tigani D. Pilon fractures: a new classification system based on CT-scan[J]. Injury, 2017, 48(10): 2311-2317. DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2017.07.026.
[20]
Duckworth AD, Jefferies JG, Clement ND, et al. Type C tibial pilon fractures: short- and long-term outcome following operative intervention[J]. Bone Joint J, 2016, 98-B(8): 1106-1111. DOI:10.1302/0301-620X.98B8.36400.
[21]
Wang D, Xiang JP, Chen XH, et al. A meta-analysis for postoperative complications in tibial plafond fracture: open reduction and internal fixation versus limited internal fixation combined with external fixator[J]. J Foot Ankle Surg, 2015, 54(4): 646-651. DOI:10.1053/j.jfas.2014.06.007.
[22]
Chan DS, Balthrop PM, White B, et al. Does a staged posterior approach have a negative effect on OTA 43C fracture outcomes? [J]. J Orthop Trauma, 2017, 31(2): 90-94. DOI:10.1097/bot.0000000000000728.
[23]
Busel GA, Watson JT, Israel H. Evaluation of fibular fracture type vs location of tibial fixation of pilon fractures[J]. Foot Ankle Int, 2017, 38(6): 650-655. DOI:10.1177/1071100717695348.
[24]
Beckwitt CH, Monaco SJ, Gruen GS. Primary ankle arthrodesis vs ORIF for severely comminuted pilon fractures: a comparative retrospective study[J]. Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics, 2018, 3(3). DOI:10.1177/2473011418780437.
2019, Vol. 24 
