Influence of extracorporeal membranous oxygenation on early allograft function after intestinal transplantation
Guo Mingxiao1, Gao Ying1, Lu Chunlei1, Li Yousheng2
1Department of General Surgery Center, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi 276000, China; 2Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
Abstract：Objective To evaluate the effect of extracorporeal membranous oxygenation (ECMO) on early allograft function after intestinal transplantation. Methods Forty-eight domestic crossbred pigs were assigned to living donation (LD), donation after cardiac death (DCD), E1, and E3 groups. Each group was randomly divided into two subgroups, with six pigs each. The small intestine donor of the LD subgroup was obtained for transplantation routinely. The DCD model of the DCD subgroup was first established, and then the small intestine donor was obtained for transplantation. The donor subgroups of the E1 and E3 groups were used to first establish the DCD model. Then, 1 and 3 h ECMO was used to obtain a small bowel for transplantation, respectively. Small bowel transplantation was performed in each subgroup of recipients. The transplanted intestinal tissues of each recipient subgroup were obtained to evaluate pathological sections before bowel transplantation; 1 h after reperfusion after transplantation; and 1, 3, 5, and 7 days after transplantation. The Park/Chiu scoring system was used to evaluate the degree of intestinal tissue damage. The ultrastructure of small intestinal mucosa was observed under a transmission electron microscope on day 7 after transplantation, and the expression of caspase-3 in the intestinal mucosa was observed by immunohistochemical staining 1 h after transplantation after reperfusion. The external jugular vein blood of each recipient subgroup was collected before transplantation and 1, 3, 5, and 7 days after transplantation, and the serum D-lactic acid level was measured to assess the damage of the intestinal mucosa and intestinal permeability. The maximum plasma D-xylose concentration was measured on the 7th day after surgery to evaluate the absorption capacity of the transplanted intestine. Results (1) Histopathologic evaluation of subgroup of recipients: Before transplantation, the Park/Chiu score in the E3 group was significantly higher than that in the LD, DCD, and E1 groups (all P values < 0.05). The Park/Chiu score in all three groups showed no significant difference (all P values > 0.05). One hour and 1 day after transplantation, the Park/Chiu score in the DCD group was significantly higher than that in the LD, E1, and E3 groups (all P values < 0.05). The Park/Chiu score in all three groups showed no significant difference (all P values > 0.05). On day 3, 5, and 7 after surgery, no significant difference was observed in the Park/Chiu score among the LD, DCD, E1, and E3 groups. (2) Transmission electron microscopy of subgroup of recipients: The intestinal mucosal microvilli were arranged tightly and neatly, and the tight junctions appeared as typical membrane fusions with intact tight junction structure and desmosomes, which basically returned to normal in the E1, E3, and LD groups at POD 7. Conversely, the arrangement of the microvilli was slightly irregular, and the desmosomes were relatively shorter in the DCD group. (3) Intestinal mucosal apoptosis of subgroup of recipients: the expression level of caspase-3 in the DCD and E3 groups was significantly higher than that in the LD and E1 groups (all P values < 0.05). No significant difference was observed between the DCD and E3 groups or LD and E1 groups (all P values > 0.05). (4) Plasma D-lactic acid of subgroup of recipients: On the 1st and 3rd day after surgery, the plasma D-lactic acid level of the DCD group、E3 group were significantly higher than that of the LD and E1 groups, and the differences were statistically significant (all P values < 0.05). There was no significant difference between DCD group and E3 group,LD group and E1 group (all P values > 0.05). On the 5th and 7th postoperative day, the plasma D-lactic acid level in the DCD group was significantly higher than that in the LD, E1, and E3 groups (all P values < 0.05). No statistical difference was observed in the plasma D-lactic acid level in the three groups (all P values > 0.05). (5) Intestinal absorption function of subgroup of recipients: On the 7th day after intestinal transplantation, the maxmum plasma D-xylose concentration of each group was in order of LD group, E1 group, E3 group and DCD group.Pairwise comparison among the 4 groups showed statistically significant difference (all P values < 0.05). Conclusion One hour ECMO intervention can improve the intestinal absorptive function in the early stage after transplantation and reduce the ischemia-reperfusion injury of the transplanted intestine. Reducing caspase-3 expression and cell apoptosis in the intestinal mucosa may be one of the protective mechanisms of ECMO intervention.
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Guo Mingxiao, Gao Ying, Lu Chunlei, Li Yousheng. Influence of extracorporeal membranous oxygenation on early allograft function after intestinal transplantation. Chinese Journal of Anatomy and Clinics, 2022, 27(4): 273-280.
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2022, Vol. 27 
